/* ============================================
   Journal of Material Science — Design System
   ============================================ */

/* Google Fonts */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;1,300;1,400;1,700&family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700&display=swap');

/* ---- Custom Properties ---- */
:root {
  /* Colors */
  --primary: #2B4C7E;
  --primary-light: #3A6298;
  --primary-dark: #1A3254;
  --accent: #B87333;
  --accent-hover: #A0622B;
  --bg: #FAFAF8;
  --text: #1A1A1A;
  --text-secondary: #6B7280;
  --text-light: #9CA3AF;
  --success: #0D9488;
  --border: #D1D5DB;
  --border-light: #F3F4F6;
  --white: #FFFFFF;

  /* Typography */
  --font-heading: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  --font-body: 'Merriweather', Georgia, serif;
  --font-ui: 'Inter', -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;

  /* Spacing */
  --section-padding: 4rem;
  --section-padding-compact: 2.5rem;
  --container-max: 1200px;
  --article-max: 720px;

  /* Shadows */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);

  /* Header */
  --header-height: 72px;
}

/* ---- Reset ---- */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 1rem);
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--text);
  background-color: var(--bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: var(--primary); text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s; }
a:hover { color: var(--primary-light); }

ul, ol { list-style: none; }

/* ---- Skip to Content ---- */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100%;
  left: 1rem;
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  z-index: 9999;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--white);
}

/* ---- Typography ---- */
h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--text);
}

h1 { font-size: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.75rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }

p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.text-secondary { color: var(--text-secondary); }
.text-light { color: var(--text-light); }
.text-mono { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.875rem; }

.lead {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

blockquote {
  border-left: none;
  padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  background: var(--border-light);
  font-style: italic;
}
blockquote p { color: var(--text-secondary); }

/* ---- Layout ---- */
.container {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

.section {
  padding: var(--section-padding) 0;
}

.section-compact {
  padding: var(--section-padding-compact) 0;
}

.grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
.grid-3 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
.grid-4 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .grid-4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
}

/* ---- Header / Navigation ---- */
.site-header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: var(--header-height);
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  z-index: 1000;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

.logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.logo-monogram {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.logo-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.logo-name {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.logo-tagline {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.nav-desktop {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.nav-desktop a {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: color 0.2s, background 0.2s;
}

.nav-desktop a:hover,
.nav-desktop a.active {
  color: var(--primary);
  background: var(--border-light);
}

.nav-desktop .btn-accent {
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

.mobile-toggle {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--text);
}

.mobile-toggle svg {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
}

.mobile-nav {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  top: var(--header-height);
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  z-index: 999;
}

.mobile-nav.open {
  display: block;
}

.mobile-nav a {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text);
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.mobile-nav a:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.mobile-nav a:hover { color: var(--primary); }

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .nav-desktop { display: flex; }
  .mobile-toggle { display: none; }
}

/* main offset */
main {
  margin-top: var(--header-height);
}

/* ---- Breadcrumb ---- */
.breadcrumb {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  padding: 1rem 0;
}

.breadcrumb a { color: var(--text-secondary); }
.breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--primary); }
.breadcrumb span { margin: 0 0.375rem; }

/* ---- Page Header ---- */
.page-header {
  background: var(--primary-dark);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 3rem 0 2.5rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.page-header::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 20% 50%, rgba(184,115,51,0.15) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(43,76,126,0.3) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 60% 80%, rgba(13,148,136,0.1) 0%, transparent 40%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.page-header .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.page-header h1 {
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.page-header .breadcrumb { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); padding-top: 0; }
.page-header .breadcrumb a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); }
.page-header .breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--white); }

/* ---- Buttons ---- */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.625rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s;
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--primary);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background: var(--primary-light);
  border-color: var(--primary-light);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn-accent {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}
.btn-accent:hover {
  background: var(--accent-hover);
  border-color: var(--accent-hover);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--primary);
  border-color: var(--primary);
}
.btn-outline:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
}

.btn-outline-white {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--white);
}
.btn-outline-white:hover {
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--primary);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  border-color: var(--border);
}
.btn-secondary:hover {
  border-color: var(--primary);
  color: var(--primary);
}

.btn-sm {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  padding: 0.375rem 0.875rem;
}

/* ---- Badges ---- */
.badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.625rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.badge-accent {
  background: rgba(184,115,51,0.1);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.badge-success {
  background: rgba(13,148,136,0.1);
  color: var(--success);
}

.badge-primary {
  background: rgba(43,76,126,0.1);
  color: var(--primary);
}

/* ---- Hero ---- */
.hero {
  background: var(--primary-dark);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 6rem 0 5rem;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 600px 600px at 20% 40%, rgba(184,115,51,0.15) 0%, transparent 70%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 800px 800px at 80% 60%, rgba(43,76,126,0.3) 0%, transparent 70%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 400px 400px at 50% 80%, rgba(13,148,136,0.12) 0%, transparent 70%),
    radial-gradient(circle 2px at 15% 25%, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 0%, transparent 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle 2px at 35% 65%, rgba(255,255,255,0.06) 0%, transparent 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle 2px at 55% 35%, rgba(255,255,255,0.07) 0%, transparent 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle 2px at 75% 75%, rgba(255,255,255,0.05) 0%, transparent 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle 2px at 85% 15%, rgba(255,255,255,0.06) 0%, transparent 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle 1px at 25% 85%, rgba(255,255,255,0.04) 0%, transparent 100%),
    radial-gradient(circle 1px at 65% 15%, rgba(255,255,255,0.05) 0%, transparent 100%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(60deg, transparent, transparent 80px, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 80px, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 81px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(-60deg, transparent, transparent 80px, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 80px, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 81px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent, transparent 80px, rgba(255,255,255,0.015) 80px, rgba(255,255,255,0.015) 81px);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.hero .tagline {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* ---- Announcement Bar ---- */
.announcement {
  background: rgba(184,115,51,0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(184,115,51,0.2);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

.announcement strong {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.announcement a {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ---- Cards ---- */
.card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 2rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.card h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; }
.card p { font-size: 0.9375rem; color: var(--text-secondary); }

.card-link {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.card-link:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); }

/* ---- Issue Cards ---- */
.issue-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
}

.issue-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.issue-cover {
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  position: relative;
}

.issue-cover-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  color: var(--white);
}

.issue-cover-content .volume-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.issue-cover-content .issue-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.issue-card-meta {
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

/* Issue cover gradients */
.cover-1 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary) 0%, var(--primary-dark) 100%); }
.cover-2 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--primary-dark) 100%); }
.cover-3 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--success) 0%, var(--primary) 100%); }
.cover-4 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-dark) 0%, var(--accent) 100%); }
.cover-5 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary) 0%, var(--accent) 100%); }

/* ---- Latest Issue Section ---- */
.latest-issue {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .latest-issue {
    grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
  }
}

.latest-issue-cover {
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  border-radius: 2px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.latest-issue-info h3 {
  font-size: 1.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.latest-issue-meta {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.featured-articles {
  list-style: none;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.featured-articles li {
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

.featured-articles li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.featured-articles a {
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.featured-articles a:hover { color: var(--primary); }

/* ---- Article Cards (Issue TOC) ---- */
.article-entry {
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.article-entry:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.article-entry .badge {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.article-entry h3 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
}

.article-entry h3 a {
  color: var(--text);
}

.article-entry h3 a:hover {
  color: var(--primary);
}

.article-meta {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.article-meta .authors { font-weight: 500; color: var(--text); }

.article-meta .pages {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.abstract-toggle {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--primary);
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.abstract-toggle:hover { color: var(--primary-light); }

.abstract-content {
  display: none;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  background: var(--border-light);
  border-left: none;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.abstract-content.open { display: block; }

.abstract-keywords {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}

.abstract-keywords strong { color: var(--text); }

/* ---- Article Detail Page ---- */
.article-page {
  max-width: var(--article-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--section-padding) 0;
}

.article-type-line {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-page h1 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.article-authors {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.article-authors .author-name {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.article-authors sup {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.affiliations-list {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.affiliations-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.affiliations-list .aff-num {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-right: 0.25rem;
}

.article-dates {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.article-dates span { font-weight: 500; color: var(--text); }

.page-range-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  background: var(--border-light);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.article-section {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.article-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-light);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-abstract p {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-abstract h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Keywords */
.keywords-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.keyword-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(184,115,51,0.08);
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid rgba(184,115,51,0.2);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Citation Box */
.citation-box {
  background: var(--border-light);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.citation-text {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.copy-btn {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 0.375rem 0.875rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s;
}

.copy-btn:hover {
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

.copy-btn.copied {
  color: var(--success);
  border-color: var(--success);
}

/* DOI */
.doi-link {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}

/* ---- Tables ---- */
.styled-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.styled-table thead {
  background: var(--primary-dark);
  color: var(--white);
}

.styled-table th {
  padding: 0.875rem 1rem;
  text-align: left;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.styled-table td {
  padding: 0.875rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.styled-table tbody tr:hover {
  background: var(--border-light);
}

/* ---- Callout Box ---- */
.callout {
  background: rgba(43,76,126,0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(43,76,126,0.15);
  border-left: none;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

.callout-accent {
  background: rgba(184,115,51,0.05);
  border-color: rgba(184,115,51,0.15);
}

.callout strong { color: var(--primary); }
.callout-accent strong { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---- Editorial Board ---- */
.board-member {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.board-member:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.member-avatar {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.member-info h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.125rem;
}

.member-title {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.member-affiliation {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.member-specialization {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.member-bio {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.advisory-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .advisory-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

.advisory-member {
  padding: 1rem;
  background: var(--border-light);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.advisory-member h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.125rem;
}

.advisory-member .member-title,
.advisory-member .member-affiliation {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}

/* ---- Issue Header ---- */
.issue-header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .issue-header {
    grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
  }
}

.issue-header-cover {
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  border-radius: 2px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.issue-header-info h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.issue-header-meta {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
}

/* ---- Article type groups on TOC ---- */
.article-group {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.article-group h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--primary);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ---- Filter Buttons ---- */
.filter-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.filter-btn {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.filter-btn:hover {
  border-color: var(--primary);
  color: var(--primary);
}

.filter-btn.active {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

/* ---- Footer ---- */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--primary-dark);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
  padding: 3rem 0 0;
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 2rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; }
}

.footer-brand {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.footer-brand .logo {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.footer-brand .logo-monogram {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}

.footer-brand .logo-name { color: var(--white); }
.footer-brand .logo-tagline { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }

.footer-col h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.footer-col a {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
}

.footer-col a:hover { color: var(--white); }

.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

/* ---- Form Styles ---- */
.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.form-label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 0.375rem;
}

.form-label .required {
  color: #EF4444;
  margin-left: 0.125rem;
}

.form-input,
.form-select,
.form-textarea {
  width: 100%;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  padding: 0.625rem 0.875rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--text);
  transition: border-color 0.2s;
}

.form-input:focus,
.form-select:focus,
.form-textarea:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(43,76,126,0.1);
}

.form-textarea {
  resize: vertical;
  min-height: 120px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.form-hint {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

/* Word counter */
.word-counter {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  text-align: right;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.word-counter.over-limit {
  color: #EF4444;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Tag input */
.tag-input-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.375rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--white);
  cursor: text;
  min-height: 44px;
  align-items: center;
}

.tag-input-container:focus-within {
  border-color: var(--primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(43,76,126,0.1);
}

.tag-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  background: rgba(184,115,51,0.08);
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid rgba(184,115,51,0.2);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.tag-remove {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  opacity: 0.7;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1;
}

.tag-remove:hover { opacity: 1; }

.tag-input {
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 120px;
  padding: 0.125rem 0;
  background: transparent;
}

/* Checkbox */
.form-checkbox {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.form-checkbox input[type="checkbox"] {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  accent-color: var(--primary);
}

/* File upload area */
.file-upload-area {
  border: 2px dashed var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.2s, background 0.2s;
  background: var(--white);
}

.file-upload-area:hover,
.file-upload-area.drag-over {
  border-color: var(--primary);
  background: rgba(43,76,126,0.02);
}

.file-upload-icon {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.file-upload-text {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.file-upload-text strong { color: var(--primary); }

.file-upload-hint {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.file-selected {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--success);
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

/* ---- Step Indicator ---- */
.step-indicator {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  position: relative;
}

.step-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  flex: 1;
  position: relative;
}

.step-item::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 16px;
  left: -50%;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--border);
  z-index: 0;
}

.step-item:first-child::before { display: none; }

.step-item.completed::before,
.step-item.active::before {
  background: var(--primary);
}

.step-number {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--text-light);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  transition: all 0.2s;
}

.step-item.active .step-number {
  border-color: var(--primary);
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
}

.step-item.completed .step-number {
  border-color: var(--primary);
  background: var(--primary);
  color: var(--white);
}

.step-label {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  color: var(--text-light);
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.step-item.active .step-label { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600; }
.step-item.completed .step-label { color: var(--primary); }

/* Form step panels */
.form-step { display: none; }
.form-step.active { display: block; }

/* Form navigation */
.form-nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

/* Review section */
.review-section {
  background: var(--border-light);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.review-section h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.review-section .edit-link {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  cursor: pointer;
  background: none;
  border: none;
}

.review-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0.375rem 0;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.review-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.review-label { color: var(--text-secondary); }
.review-value { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; text-align: right; max-width: 60%; }

/* Success state */
.submission-success {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
}

.success-icon {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(13,148,136,0.1);
  color: var(--success);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
}

.submission-id {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* ---- Co-author section ---- */
.coauthor-entry {
  background: var(--border-light);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  position: relative;
}

.coauthor-entry h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.remove-coauthor {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.75rem;
  right: 0.75rem;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: var(--text-light);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1;
  padding: 0.25rem;
}

.remove-coauthor:hover { color: #EF4444; }

/* ---- Stats ---- */
.stats-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 2rem;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

.stat-item {
  text-align: center;
}

.stat-number {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.stat-label {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* ---- Scope list ---- */
.scope-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .scope-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

.scope-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

.scope-icon {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* ---- Indexing list ---- */
.indexing-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 1rem 0;
}

.indexing-item {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ---- Content sections on text-heavy pages ---- */
.content-section {
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.content-section h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-light);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.content-section h3 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.content-body {
  max-width: var(--article-max);
}

.content-body p {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.content-body ul,
.content-body ol {
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.content-body li {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  list-style: disc;
}

.content-body ol li { list-style: decimal; }

/* ---- Placeholder note ---- */
.placeholder-note {
  background: var(--border-light);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

/* ---- Contact section ---- */
.contact-info {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
}

.contact-info a {
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* ---- Responsive ---- */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  h1 { font-size: 1.75rem; }
  .hero { padding: 4rem 0 3.5rem; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
  .section { padding: 2.5rem 0; }
  .page-header { padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem; }
  .page-header h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
  .board-member { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }

  .step-label { display: none; }
  .step-indicator { gap: 0.5rem; }
}

@media (max-width: 639px) {
  .hero-actions { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
  .stats-row { gap: 1.5rem; }
}

/* ---- Focus styles ---- */
*:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* ---- Print ---- */
@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .mobile-nav, .hero-actions, .filter-bar { display: none; }
  main { margin-top: 0; }
  body { font-size: 12pt; background: white; }
  a { color: var(--text); }
  .page-header { background: none; color: var(--text); padding: 1rem 0; }
  .page-header h1 { color: var(--text); }
}